B+VE

TOP MBA COLLEGES LIST 2

2009-12-17T23:31:00.000-08:00

1.

      Indian Institute of Management (Ahmedabad)
      Address : Vastrapur, Ahmedabad - 380 015, INDIA
      Contact No : 91 79 2630 8357, dean@iimahd.ernet.in
      Website : http://www.iimahd.ernet.in/
   2.

      Indian Institute of Management (LUCKNOW)
      Address : Prabandh Nagar, Off Sitapur Road,Lucknow,Uttar Pradesh,India,PIN : 226013
      Contact No : 00(91)(522)2761397, 00(91)(522)2761437,
      Website : http://www.iiml.ac.in/
   3.

      Indian Institute of Management (Kolkata)
      Address : Diamond Harbour Road Joka, Kolkata (Calcutta) - 700104, West Bengal, INDIA
      Contact No : +91-33-2282-4598, +91-33-2467-9178
      Website :http://www.iimcal.ac.in/
   4.

      Indian Institute of Management (Kozhikode)
      Address : IIMK Campus P. O., Kozhikode 673 570, Kerala, India
      Contact No : +91-495-2803001
      Website :http://www.iimk.ac.in/
   5.

      Indian Institute of Management (Indore)
      Address : Prabandh ShikharRau-Pithampur Road,Indore 453 331,Madhya Pradesh, NDIA
      Contact No : + 91-731-4228400
      Website : http://www.iimidr.ac.in/
   6.

      Indian Institute of Management (Bangalore)
      Address : Bannerghatta Road, Bangalore, IndiaPin Code : 560 076
      Contact No : 91-80-26582450
      Website : http://www.iimb.ernet.in/
   7.

      Faculty of Management Studies, Delhi University (FMS)(New Delhi)
      Address : Faculty of Management StudiesUniversity of DelhiDelhi - 110007
      Contact No : +91 11 2766 6382 / 6387 / 6388
      Website :http://www.fms.edu/
   8.

      Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies (Mumbai)
      Address : Backbay Reclamation, Mumbai, India. Pin - 400020
      Contact No : +91 - 022 - 22024133 / 22024118 / 22025153

      Website :http://www.jbims.edu/
   9.

      Xavier Labour Research Institute (XLRI) (Jamshedpur)
      Address : XLRI Circuit House Area (East)Jamshedpur 831 001JharkhandIndia
      Contact No : +91 - 657 - 398 3333
      Website : http://www.xlri.ac.in/
10.

      SP Jain Institute of Management & Research (Mumbai)
      Address : Munshi Nagar, Dadabhai Road, Andheri West,Mumbai - 400 058, India.
      Contact No : +91-22-2623 7454 / 0396 / 2401
      Website :http://www.spjimr.org/
11.

      Institute of Management Technology (Ghaziabad)
      Address : Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad 201 001, India
      Contact No : +91 0120 3002200
      Website :http://www.imt.edu/
12.

      Xavier Institute of Management (Bhubaneshwar)
      Address : Bhubaneswar - 751 013, India
      Contact No : 91.674 3012345
      Website :http://www.ximb.ac.in/
13.

      International Management Institute (New Delhi)
      Address : B-10, Qutab Institutional Area, Tara Crescent, New Delhi - 110016
      Contact No : 2696-1437/3519/6143, 2686-3701, 2652-8276/9237/9338/9239
      Website :http://www.imi.edu/
14.

      Management Development Institute (Gurgaon)
      Address : Mehrauli RoadSukhrali, Gurgaon - 122001INDIA
      Contact No : + 91 124 2349831-36, 4013050-59
      Website :http://www.imt.edu/
15.

      FORE School of Management (New Delhi)
      Address : B-18, Qutab Institutional Area, New Delhi, India
      Contact No : 91-11-41242424-33
      Website : http://www.fsm.ac.in/
16.

      National Institute of Industrial Engineering (Mumbai)
      Address : NITIE Campus,Near Vihar Lake,Mumbai 400087, Maharashtra, India
      Contact No : 022 28575590
      Website :http://www.nitie.edu/

TOP MBA COLLEGES LIST 1

2009-12-17T23:24:00.001-08:00

Indian Institute of Management    Ahmedabad    www.iimahd.ernet.in
Indian Institute of Management    Bangalore    www.iimb.ernet.in
Indian Institute of Management    Kolkata    www.iimcal.ac.in
Indian Institute of Management    Kozhikode    www.iimk.ac.in
Indian Institute of Management    Indore    www.iimidr.ac.in
Indian Institute of Management    Lucknow    www.iiml.ac.in
Xavier Labour Research Institute (XLRI)    Jamshedpur    www.xlri.edu
Faculty of Management Studies, Delhi University (FMS)    New Delhi    www.fms.edu
Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies    Mumbai    www.jbims.edu
Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies    Mumbai    www.nmims.edu
SP Jain Institute of Management & Research    Mumbai    www.spjimr.org
Institute of Management Technology    Ghaziabad    www.imt.edu
Management Development Institute    Gurgaon    www.mdi.ac.in
Xavier Institute of Management    Bhubaneshwar    www.ximb.ac.in
International Management Institute    New Delhi    www.imi.edu
FORE School of Management    New Delhi    www.fsm.ac.in
Symbiosis Institute of Business Management    Pune    www.sibm.edu
Symbiosis Centre for Management and HRD    Pune    www.scmhrd.edu
Indian Institute of Forest Management    Bhopal    www.iifm.org
Indian Institute of Foreign Trade    New Delhi    www.iift.edu
Tata Institute of Social Sciences    Mumbai    www.tiss.edu
Institute of Rural Management    Anand (Gujarat)    www.irma.ac.in
Mudra Institute of Communications    Ahmedabad    www.mica-india.net
National Institute of Fashion Technology    New Delhi    www.niftindia.com
Bharatidasan Institute of Management    Tituchirapalli    www.bim.edu
National Institute of Industrial Engineering    Mumbai    www.nitie.edu
Indian Institute of Technology - school of Management    Mumbai    www.iitb.ac.in/~som
Indian Institute of Technology department of Management Studies    New Delhi    www.iitdmba.org
Indian Institute of Technology - Vinod gupta school of Management    Kharagpur    www.som.iitkgp.ernet.in

WINDOWS HOT KEYS

2009-12-17T02:33:00.001-08:00

Win                                 Press windows key to open start menu

Win+R                           Apply to open Run dialog box

Win+M                           Apply to minimize all opened windows

Win+Shift+M                 Apply to maximize all opened windows

Win+L                            Press keys to lock keyboard in windows XP

Win+E                            Press keys to open My Computer

Win+F                            Apply to open search options

Win+U                            Apply keys to open Utility Manager

Win+D                            To view desktop/minimize all windows

Win+F1                           To view the detail windows help page

Win+Pause                    To view the System Properties dialog box

Win+Tab                         Move through taskbar programs

Win+F+Ctrl                      Apply to open search for computers

Alt+Tab                            Move through opened windows programs

Alt+F4                              Press keys to close active windows program

Alt+Enter                         Apply to open properties of selected item

Alt+ SPACEBAR            Open the system menu of active window

Alt+ SPACEBAR +N      Press keys to minimize the active program

Alt+ SPACEBAR +R      Press keys to restore the active program

Alt+ SPACEBAR+C       Press keys to close the active program

Alt+ SPACEBAR+X        Press keys to maximize the active program

Alt+ SPACEBAR+M       Press keys to move the active program

Ctrl+Alt+Delete              Apply to open windows task manager

Ctrl+Shift+Esc               Apply to open windows task manager

Ctrl+Esc                         Press keys to open start menu

Shift                                 Shift key to prevent CD from automatically playing

Shift+Delete                  To delete items permanently

Learn UNIX in 10 minutes

2009-12-17T02:15:00.000-08:00

Sections:

Directories:
Moving around the file system:
Listing directory contents:
Changing file permissions and attributes Moving, renaming, and copying files:
Viewing and editing files:
Shells Environment variables Interactive History Filename Completion Bash is the way cool shell. Redirection:
Pipes: Command Substitution Searching for strings in files:
The grep command Searching for files :
The find command Reading and writing tapes, backups, and archives:
The tar command File compression: compress, gzip, and bzip2 Looking for help:
The man and apropos commands Basics of the vi editor

Directories:

File and directory paths in UNIX use the forward slash "/"
to separate directory names in a path.

examples:

/              "root" directory
/usr           directory usr (sub-directory of / "root" directory)
/usr/STRIM100 STRIM100 is a subdirectory of /usr

Moving around the file system:

pwd               Show the "present working directory", or current directory.
cd                Change current directory to your HOME directory.
cd /usr/STRIM100 Change current directory to /usr/STRIM100.
cd INIT           Change current directory to INIT which is a sub-directory of the current
                        directory.
cd ..             Change current directory to the parent directory of the current directory.
cd $STRMWORK      Change current directory to the directory defined by the environment
                        variable 'STRMWORK'.
cd ~bob           Change the current directory to the user bob's home directory (if you have permission).

Listing directory contents:

ls    list a directory
ls -l    list a directory in long ( detailed ) format

   for example:
$ ls -l
drwxr-xr-x    4 cliff    user        1024 Jun 18 09:40 WAITRON_EARNINGS
-rw-r--r--    1 cliff    user      767392 Jun 6 14:28 scanlib.tar.gz
^ ^ ^ ^     ^   ^       ^           ^      ^    ^      ^
| | | |     |   |       |           |      |    |      |
| | | |     | owner   group       size   date time    name
| | | |     number of links to file or directory contents
| | | permissions for world
| | permissions for members of group
| permissions for owner of file: r = read, w = write, x = execute -=no permission
type of file: - = normal file, d=directory, l = symbolic link, and others...

ls -a        List the current directory including hidden files. Hidden files start
             with "."
ls -ld *     List all the file and directory names in the current directory using
             long format. Without the "d" option, ls would list the contents
             of any sub-directory of the current. With the "d" option, ls
             just lists them like regular files.

Changing file permissions and attributes

chmod 755 file       Changes the permissions of file to be rwx for the owner, and rx for
                     the group and the world. (7 = rwx = 111 binary. 5 = r-x = 101 binary)
chgrp user file      Makes file belong to the group user.
chown cliff file     Makes cliff the owner of file.
chown -R cliff dir   Makes cliff the owner of dir and everything in its directory tree.

You must be the owner of the file/directory or be root before you can do any of these things.

Moving, renaming, and copying files:

cp file1 file2          copy a file
mv file1 newname        move or rename a file
mv file1 ~/AAA/         move file1 into sub-directory AAA in your home directory.
rm file1 [file2 ...]    remove or delete a file
rm -r dir1 [dir2...]    recursivly remove a directory and its contents BE CAREFUL!
mkdir dir1 [dir2...]    create directories
mkdir -p dirpath        create the directory dirpath, including all implied directories in the path.
rmdir dir1 [dir2...]    remove an empty directory

Viewing and editing files:

cat filename      Dump a file to the screen in ascii.
more filename     Progressively dump a file to the screen: ENTER = one line down
                  SPACEBAR = page down q=quit
less filename     Like more, but you can use Page-Up too. Not on all systems.
vi filename       Edit a file using the vi editor. All UNIX systems will have vi in some form.
emacs filename    Edit a file using the emacs editor. Not all systems will have emacs.
head filename     Show the first few lines of a file.
head -n filename Show the first n lines of a file.
tail filename     Show the last few lines of a file.
tail -n filename Show the last n lines of a file.

Shells

The behavior of the command line interface will differ slightly depending
on the shell program that is being used.

Depending on the shell used, some extra behaviors can be quite nifty.

You can find out what shell you are using by the command:

    echo $SHELL

Of course you can create a file with a list of shell commands and execute it like
a program to perform a task. This is called a shell script. This is in fact the
primary purpose of most shells, not the interactive command line behavior.

Environment variables

You can teach your shell to remember things for later using environment variables.
For example under the bash shell:

export CASROOT=/usr/local/CAS3.0               Defines the variable CASROOT with the value
                                               /usr/local/CAS3.0.
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$CASROOT/Linux/lib      Defines the variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH with
                                               the value of CASROOT with /Linux/lib appended,
                                               or /usr/local/CAS3.0/Linux/lib

By prefixing $ to the variable name, you can evaluate it in any command:

cd $CASROOT         Changes your present working directory to the value of CASROOT

echo $CASROOT       Prints out the value of CASROOT, or /usr/local/CAS3.0
printenv CASROOT    Does the same thing in bash and some other shells.

Interactive History

A feature of bash and tcsh (and sometimes others) you can use
the up-arrow keys to access your previous commands, edit
them, and re-execute them.

Filename Completion

A feature of bash and tcsh (and possibly others) you can use the
TAB key to complete a partially typed filename. For example if you
have a file called constantine-monks-and-willy-wonka.txt in your
directory and want to edit it you can type 'vi const', hit the TAB key,
and the shell will fill in the rest of the name for you (provided the
completion is unique).

Bash is the way cool shell.

Bash will even complete the name of commands and environment variables.
And if there are multiple completions, if you hit TAB twice bash will show
you all the completions. Bash is the default user shell for most Linux systems.

Redirection:

grep string filename > newfile           Redirects the output of the above grep
                                         command to a file 'newfile'.
grep string filename >> existfile        Appends the output of the grep command
                                         to the end of 'existfile'.

The redirection directives, > and >> can be used on the output of most commands
to direct their output to a file.

Pipes:

The pipe symbol "|" is used to direct the output of one command to the input
of another.

For example:

ls -l | more   This commands takes the output of the long format directory list command
               "ls -l" and pipes it through the more command (also known as a filter).
               In this case a very long list of files can be viewed a page at a time.

du -sc * | sort -n | tail
               The command "du -sc" lists the sizes of all files and directories in the
               current working directory. That is piped through "sort -n" which orders the
               output from smallest to largest size. Finally, that output is piped through "tail"
               which displays only the last few (which just happen to be the largest) results.

Command Substitution

You can use the output of one command as an input to another command in another way
called command substitution. Command substitution is invoked when by enclosing the
substituted command in backwards single quotes. For example:

cat `find . -name aaa.txt`

which will cat ( dump to the screen ) all the files named aaa.txt that exist in the current
directory or in any subdirectory tree.

Searching for strings in files: The grep command

grep string filename    prints all the lines in a file that contain the string

Searching for files : The find command

find search_path -name filename

find . -name aaa.txt    Finds all the files named aaa.txt in the current directory or
                        any subdirectory tree.
find / -name vimrc      Find all the files named 'vimrc' anywhere on the system.
find /usr/local/games -name "*xpilot*"
                        Find all files whose names contain the string 'xpilot' which
                        exist within the '/usr/local/games' directory tree.

Reading and writing tapes, backups, and archives: The tar command

The tar command stands for "tape archive". It is the "standard" way to read
and write archives (collections of files and whole directory trees).

Often you will find archives of stuff with names like stuff.tar, or stuff.tar.gz. This
is stuff in a tar archive, and stuff in a tar archive which has been compressed using the
gzip compression program respectivly.

Chances are that if someone gives you a tape written on a UNIX system, it will be in tar format,
and you will use tar (and your tape drive) to read it.

Likewise, if you want to write a tape to give to someone else, you should probably use
tar as well.

Tar examples:

tar xv      Extracts (x) files from the default tape drive while listing (v = verbose)
            the file names to the screen.
tar tv      Lists the files from the default tape device without extracting them.
tar cv file1 file2
            Write files 'file1' and 'file2' to the default tape device.
tar cvf archive.tar file1 [file2...]
            Create a tar archive as a file "archive.tar" containing file1,
            file2...etc.
tar xvf archive.tar extract from the archive file
tar cvfz archive.tar.gz dname
            Create a gzip compressed tar archive containing everything in the directory
            'dname'. This does not work with all versions of tar.
tar xvfz archive.tar.gz
            Extract a gzip compressed tar archive. Does not work with all versions of tar.
tar cvfI archive.tar.bz2 dname
            Create a bz2 compressed tar archive. Does not work with all versions of tar

File compression: compress, gzip, and bzip2

The standard UNIX compression commands are compress and uncompress. Compressed files have
a suffix .Z added to their name. For example:

compress part.igs    Creates a compressed file part.igs.Z

uncompress part.igs Uncompresseis part.igs from the compressed file part.igs.Z.
                     Note the .Z is not required.

Another common compression utility is gzip (and gunzip). These are the GNU compress and
uncompress utilities. gzip usually gives better compression than standard compress,
but may not be installed on all systems. The suffix for gzipped files is .gz

gzip part.igs     Creates a compressed file part.igs.gz
gunzip part.igs   Extracts the original file from part.igs.gz

The bzip2 utility has (in general) even better compression than gzip, but at the cost of longer
times to compress and uncompress the files. It is not as common a utility as gzip, but is
becoming more generally available.

bzip2 part.igs       Create a compressed Iges file part.igs.bz2
bunzip2 part.igs.bz2 Uncompress the compressed iges file.

Looking for help: The man and apropos commands

Most of the commands have a manual page which give sometimes useful, often more or less
detailed, sometimes cryptic and unfathomable discriptions of their usage. Some say they
are called man pages because they are only for real men.

Example:

man ls      Shows the manual page for the ls command

You can search through the man pages using apropos

Example:

apropos build     Shows a list of all the man pages whose discriptions contain the word "build"

Do a man apropos for detailed help on apropos.

Basics of the vi editor

                Opening a file
vi filename

                Creating text
Edit modes: These keys enter editing modes and type in the text
of your document.

i     Insert before current cursor position
I     Insert at beginning of current line
a     Insert (append) after current cursor position
A     Append to end of line
r     Replace 1 character
R     Replace mode
Terminate insertion or overwrite mode

                 Deletion of text

x     Delete single character
dd    Delete current line and put in buffer
ndd   Delete n lines (n is a number) and put them in buffer
J     Attaches the next line to the end of the current line (deletes carriage return).

                 Oops

u     Undo last command

                 cut and paste
yy    Yank current line into buffer
nyy   Yank n lines into buffer
p     Put the contents of the buffer after the current line
P     Put the contents of the buffer before the current line

                cursor positioning
^d    Page down
^u    Page up
:n    Position cursor at line n
:$    Position cursor at end of file
^g    Display current line number
h,j,k,l Left,Down,Up, and Right respectivly. Your arrow keys should also work if
      if your keyboard mappings are anywhere near sane.

               string substitution

:n1,n2:s/string1/string2/[g]       Substitute string2 for string1 on lines
                                   n1 to n2. If g is included (meaning global),
                                   all instances of string1 on each line
                                   are substituted. If g is not included,
                                   only the first instance per matching line is
                                   substituted.

    ^ matches start of line
    . matches any single character
    $ matches end of line

These and other "special characters" (like the forward slash) can be "escaped" with \
i.e to match the string "/usr/STRIM100/SOFT" say "\/usr\/STRIM100\/SOFT"

Examples:

:1,$:s/dog/cat/g                   Substitute 'cat' for 'dog', every instance
                                   for the entire file - lines 1 to $ (end of file)

:23,25:/frog/bird/                 Substitute 'bird' for 'frog' on lines
                                   23 through 25. Only the first instance
                                   on each line is substituted.

              Saving and quitting and other "ex" commands

These commands are all prefixed by pressing colon (:) and then entered in the lower
left corner of the window. They are called "ex" commands because they are commands
of the ex text editor - the precursor line editor to the screen editor
vi.   You cannot enter an "ex" command when you are in an edit mode (typing text onto the screen)
Press to exit from an editing mode.

:w                Write the current file.
:w new.file       Write the file to the name 'new.file'.
:w! existing.file Overwrite an existing file with the file currently being edited.
:wq               Write the file and quit.
:q                Quit.
:q!               Quit with no changes.

:e filename       Open the file 'filename' for editing.

:set number       Turns on line numbering
:set nonumber     Turns off line numbering

Linux Commands

2009-12-17T02:04:00.000-08:00

A
alias Create your own name for a command
arch print machine architecture
ash ash command interpreter (shell)
awk (gawk) pattern scanning and processing language

B
basename Remove directory and suffix from a file name
bash GNU Bourne-Again Shell
bsh Command interpreter (Shell)
bc Command line calculator
bunzip2 Unzip .bz2 files

C back to commands top
cat Concatenate a file print it to the screen
chgrp Change the group designation of a file
chmod Change file permissions
chown Change the owner of a file
cjpeg Compress an image file to a JPEG file
clear Clear terminal screen (command line)
comm Compare two sorted files
stty cooked Formatting the display of text in a terminal
cp Copy command
cpio Copy files to and from archives
csh C Shell
cut Print selected parts of lines to standard output

D back to commands top
date Display date and time
dc Command line calculator
df Show amount of disk space free
diff Determine difference between two files
diff3 Determine difference between 3 files
dig   Interrogate DNS name servers
djpeg Decompress a JPEG file to an image file
dmesg Print or control the kernel ring buffer (print out bootup messages)
dnsdomainname Show the system's DNS domain name
doexec Run an executable with an arbitrary argv
domainname Show or set the system's NIS/YP domain name
dos2unix Converts plain text files in DOS/MAC format to UNIX format
du Show disk useage
dumpkeys Write keyboard driver's translation tables to std output

E back to commands top
echo Display a line of text
ed Line-oriented text editor
egrep Print lines matching a pattern
elinks A text mode WWW browser (supports frames)
env Dislay the path
ex Start Vim in ex mode
eject Eject media from device ( command line )

F back to commands top
factor Display prime factors of a number
false Exit with a status code indicating failure
fdisk The fdisk command with usage examples
fgrep Variant of grep
find Find a file
finger Displays information about the system users
fixps Try to fix common PostScript problems that break postprocessing
free Display free memory

G back to commands top
grep Search for a pattern using regular expression
gtar See the tar command
gunzip Unzip .gz files
gzip Compress using Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77)

H back to commands top
halt Stop the system
hdparm Get/set harddisk parameters
head Print the first 10 lines of a file to standard output
hostname Show or set the system's host name
history Display entire command history
HISTSIZE Change history size
httpd Start Apache

I back to commands top
identify Describes the format and characteristics of image files.
id Print information for username, or the current user
ifconfig Display network and hardware addresses
igawk Gawk with include files
ipcalc Calculate IP information for a host

K back to commands top
kbd_mode Report or set the keyboard mode (RAW, MEDI- UMRAW or XLATE)
kill Terminate a process

L back to commands top
last Show listing of last logged in users
lastlog Formats and prints the contents of the last login log /var/log/lastlog file
link Call the link function to create a link to a file
links See elinks
ln   Create a link to the specified TARGET with optional LINK_NAME
loadkeys Load keyboard translation tables
locate Locate a file
login Sign on
look Displays any lines in file which contain "string" as a prefix.
ls List directory contents
lsmod List loaded kernel modules
lynx Command to start the Lynx browser

M back to commands top
mac2unix Converts plain text files in DOS/MAC format to UNIX format
mail A mail processing system, which has a command syntax like ed
man Display a particular manual entry
manweb Manweb is part of the Netpbm package
mdu Display the amount of space occupied by an MSDOS directory
mkdir Create a directory
mkfs Make a filesystem on a drive
mknod Make block or character special files
mktemp Make temporary filename (unique)
more Page through text one screenful at a time.
mount Mount a filesystem/device
mt Control magnetic tape drive operation
mv Move and / or rename files


N
namei Follow a pathname until a terminal point is found
nano An enhanced free Pico clone
ncftp Browser program for the File Transfer Protocol
nc nc is the client interface to the NEdit text editor
netstat Display verbose info about network processes and ports
nice Run a command with modified priority
nisdomainname Show or set system's NIS/YP domain name
nslookup query internet domain name servers

P
paste Merge lines of files
pdf2dsc Generate a PostScript page list of a PDF document
pdf2ps Convert PDF file "input.pdf" to PostScript(tm) in "output.ps"
pdfinfo Print contents of the 'Info' dictionary (plus some other useful information) from a PDF file
pdftotext Convert pdf files to plain text
perl (start) Practical Extraction and Report Language
pgawk The profiling version of gawk
pico Text editor that comes with Pine (from the University of Washington)
pine Email program used by The University of Washington
ping6 Ping
ping Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
pinky A lightweight 'finger' program;
pr Format for printing
ps Processes running
ps2ascii Ghostscript translator from PostScript or PDF to ASCII
ps2epsi Generate conforming Encapsulated PostScript
ps2frag Obsolete shell script for the PSfrag system
ps2pdf12 Convert PostScript to PDF 1.2 (Acrobat 3 and later compatible) using ghostscript
ps2pdf13 Convert PostScript to PDF 1.3 (Acrobat 4 and later compatible) using ghostscript
ps2pdf14 Use ps2pdfwr: Convert PostScript to PDF without specifying Compatibility Level, using ghostscript
ps2pdf Convert PostScript to PDF using ghostscript
ps2pdfwr Convert PostScript to PDF without specifying Compatibility Level, using ghostscript
ps2pk creates a TeX pkfont from a type1 PostScript font
ps2ps ps2ps uses gs to convert PostScript(tm) file "input.ps" to simpler and (usually) faster PostScript in "output.ps"
psbook Rearranges pages from a PostScript document into "signatures" for printing books or booklets
pwd Print Working Directory

Q back to commands top
quota display disk usage and limits

R back to commands top
resize Xterm window size
readelf Displays information about ELF files
reboot Stop the system, poweroff, reboot
red   red is a restricted ed: it can only edit files in the current directory and cannot execute shell commands
rename Rename files
rmdir Remove a directory
rm Remove files or directories
rpm rpm command options
rundig Sample script to create a search database for ht://Dig
rview The GUI version of Vim in easy mode with restrictions
rvi Vi / Vim editor

S back to commands top
sed Stream editor
setfont Load EGA/VGA console screen font
set gid Set group id
set serial Get / set Linux serial port info
set uid Set user id
sfdisk Modified fdisk program
sftp Secure file transfer protocol (ftp)
sh Shell (BASH)
shred Safely remove data from disk drive
sleep Delay for a specified amount of time
slocate Security Enhanced version of the GNU Locate
sort Sort lines of a text file
ssh Secure shell connection command
stty change and print terminal line settings
stty raw Unformatted output to terminal
su Become super user ( root )
switchdesk Graphical and text mode interface for choosing desktop environment
sync Force changed blocks to disk, update the super block
ssh Secure shell connection command

T back to commands top
tail Print the last 10 Lines of a file standard output
tar Create an Archive
tcsh Enhanced completely compatible version of the Berkeley UNIX C shell, csh
tee Copy standard input to each file, and also to standard output
telnet User interface to the telnet protocol
time Run the specified program command with the given arguments
touch Change file timestamps
tracepath6 See tracepath
tracepath Trace path to a network host discovering MTU along this path
traceroute6 See traceroute
traceroute Print the route packets take to network host
tree Display file tree
true Exit with a status code indicating success
tty Print name of terminal connected to standard output

U back to commands top
umask File creation mask / Bash builtins
umount Detache file system(s) mentioned from file hierarchy
uname Print system information ( kernel version )
unicode_start Put keyboard and console into Unicode (UTF-8) mode
unicode_stop Undo the effect of unicode_start
unlink Call the unlink function to remove the specified file
uniq Remove duplicate lines from sorted file
updatedb Update the slocate database
unset gid Group id change
unset uid User id change
untar Unarchive ( untar ) a file
unzip Unzip .zip files
useradd Add new user
users Output who is currently logged in according to system records
usleep Sleep a given number of microseconds. default is 1

V back to commands top
view Start vim in read-only mode
vi Start the vi editor

W back to commands top
w Show who is logged on and what they are doing
wc Word count of a file
wget Non-interactive download of files from the Web
whatis Search the whatis database for complete words (command names)
whereis Locate a command or file
which Find command path
whoami Print effective userid
who show who is logged on
whois Client for the whois service

X,Y,Z back to commands top
xinit Start Xserver
xpdf Portable Document Format (PDF) file viewer for X windows
xrandr Change resolution running Xwindows ( command line )
ypdomainname show or set the system's NIS/YP domain name
zcat Compress or expand files
zip Compression and file packaging utility for Unix, VMS, MSDOS, OS/2, Windows NT, Minix, Atari and Macintosh, Amiga and Acorn RISC OS. It is analogous to a combination of the UNIX commands tar(1) and compress(1) and is compatible with PKZIP (Phil Katz’s ZIP for MSDOS systems)
zipinfo List detailed information about a ZIP archive

HOW TO TRANSFER FILES BETWEEN MOBILE BLUETOOTH & PC

2009-12-16T22:27:00.000-08:00

Setting up bluetooth to work on your computer

   1. Just Insert the bluetooth dongle in the USB.
   2. It should get detected by your Operating System and should be ready to use. In case it is just detected as a new hardware, you need to install drivers for it that came with your bluetooth dongle (You can try Google to find the drivers).
   3. Once drivers are installed, a bluetooth notification icon will appear in your system tray.
   4. Right Click on it to access Settings (This may vary with your bluetooth dongle).
   5. Make sure you have turned Discovery On (It allow others to see your computer).
   6. Switch On the bluetooth on the mobile device.

To transfer files from PC to Mobile

There are different methods by which you can send files. Again this might vary with your bluetooth dongle. You have the option of selecting the tray icon and then select Send a file or alternatively you can Right Click on the file and select Send To. Both the method sending files may or may not be available with every bluetooth dongle you use. But both the method invokes the same thing that we will invoke directly to transfer files and is available in the WinXP built.

1. Hit Win + R, type in fsquirt and hit Ok.
fsquirt_run

2. Select Next and then select Send a file.

3. Hit Browse for searching the device and select your device in the next window.

4. Select Next and then select the file to send via bluetooth by clicking on browse.

5. Select Next and it will try to connect with the device selected.

6. Accept the incoming connection on the mobile device and the transfer starts.

To transfer files from Mobile to PC

Your PC cannot accept files if you just send files from your bluetooth device. Although it will get detected but you will receive a message “Unable to connect”. You need to make your PC ready to accept incoming connections.

1. Hit Win + R, type in fsquirt and hit Ok.

fsquirt_run

2. Select Next and then select Receive a file.

3. Your PC is now waiting for incoming connections.

4. Send the file via bluetooth from your mobile device to PC by selecting Send via Bluetooth option.

5. The transfer will start and when it is completed, you are asked for the location where you want your file to be saved.

Bonus Tip :

You can create a shortcut to simply greet you with the option of either sending or receiving a file.

Right Click on empty space on your desktop. Select New > Shortcut. Type in fsquirt and you are done.

Now you can use this shortcut everytime you need to transfer files between your PC and mobile device.

How to backup the whole registry

2009-12-16T22:19:00.001-08:00

# 1 Hit Ctrl + R and type in regedit and hit return key.

# 2 Select My Computer and select Registry from the menu and then select Export registry file.

# 3 Give a name such as backup and select save.

There you have your registry backup. Keep it in a safe position. I recommend keeping a copy of backup on a different computer too.

Bonus Tip : To take the backup of a particular key, select that key and repeat the above steps.

TRICK TO PROTECT PENDRIVE FROM VIRUS

2009-12-16T22:16:00.000-08:00

This trick works only on XP SP2 and you need to have administrator privileges.

    * Open Registry Editor by Start > Run.
    * Type in regedit.
    * Browse to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\
      usb_write_protect_1
    * Locate the sub-key StorageDevicePolicies. If it doesn’t exist then create it first. Create a new key under Control by right clicking on it so that you don’t create it elsewhere by mistake .

    * Right click in the blank area of the sub key you just created and create a new DWORD value by the name WriteProtect.

    * Double-click it and set the value data as 1 (and 0 for disabling it).
      usb_write_protect_4
    * Click OK, close the Registry Editor and restart the PC.

The drawback of this trick is that you need to remember this trick by yourself and you need to restart the PC after applying this trick. Killing explorer.exe and restarting it will not do the job everytime. I am still looking for any other ways fo protecting your drives and I will post in on my blog if I found a better trick than this one. Share your thoughts in the comment.

Disable USB Autorun

2009-12-16T22:06:00.000-08:00

* Browse to the following key HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\ CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer
* Modify the value of NoDriveTypeAutoRun to ff (hexadecimal)

disable_autorun

Although I must warn you that playing with the registry can be harmful for your system and you might end up re-installing your OS. Before making any changes, I recommend reading How to backup your registry?

disable_autorun_reg

And if you don’t want to edit the registry then you can download this registry entry.

Download Disable_autorun.reg.

Right Click > Save it on your computer > Run it on your computer.

Press Yes when it asks for confirmation for adding the entry into the registry.

This will now prevent any virus from auto executing itself through a USB drive. In addition to this, you must have a good anti virus installed on the system as this method just stops the virus from infecting the system automatically.

block & unblock usb

2009-12-16T22:01:00.001-08:00

to block USB mass storage device & to unblock USB mass storage device
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\USBSTOR proceed further.

To disable access

REGEDIT4

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\USBSTOR]
“Start”=dword:00000004

To enable access

REGEDIT4

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\USBSTOR]
“Start”=dword:00000003

Copy the required code to a text file and save it as *.reg file. Just open that file and information will be added to the registry.

2009-12-16T21:42:00.001-08:00

Trouble & solution in pendrives or USB
------------------------------------------------------------------

We have observed this problem at may places that you need some data on your pen drive but the USB drive or pen drive does not work. Windows gives a notification

New mass storage driver

“Found new hardware, USB Mass Storage Device, please install drivers for it.”

Windows will now show a New Hardware Wizard to install the drivers. Lets see in details how we can fix this problem.

Fix:

There are more than one ways in which the USB drives are disabled by Administrators at offices or colleges or schools. These methods are:

1. By Disabling USB Ports from Device Manager.

2. By Tweaking Registry values for USB Mass Storage Devices.

3. By Un-installing the USB Mass Storage Drivers.

We will see how to fix all these situations one by one. But before you begin, you must have administrator rights on that computer to fix the issue. If you don’t have the rights, see this post on getting admin rights on windows computer.

Lets go one by one for the solution now.

1)Unlock USB ports from device manager:

i) Go to Start > Run, in run prompt type “devmgmt.msc” and press enter. This will open device manager.

ii) Go to Universal Serial bus Controller. See if there are any red colored cross? If yes, right click and enable those USB Ports.

Enable USB at Device manager

Now try and use the pen drive. If it works fine, then great, else read the next two steps also.

2)Correct Registry Value for USB Mass Storage device

i) Go to Start > Run , type “regedit” and press enter, this will open registry editor.

ii) Navigate to the key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\USBSTOR

registry chane to make USB mass storage work

iii) Double-click on the “Start” key to modify its value, change the value to 3 and press OK.

Now remove and connect the pen drive again, it should work fine, if it does not, then it means the drivers are missing. Follow the steps below to solve the issue.

3)Install USB Mass Storage Device drivers

In case the USB Mass Storage drivers are not installed, windows will prompt you to install the driver. In such a case, windows will launch Hardware Update Wizard. If you have USB Mass storage drivers, you can install it and restart the computer, it should work. If not, you must download the USB Mass Storage drivers Download and uznip the driver files on your desktop.

i) In hardware update wizard, Select the option to install the driver from a specific location and click next.

Hardware update wizard

ii) Now on this screen, click browse and select the path on which you have un-zipped the drivers and press ok.

NOTE: Windows may give you a warning that the drivers has not passed Windows logo testing, so stop installation or Continue anyway, Select Continue anyway to complete installation.

continue anyways

Now restart your computer and re-insert your pen drive, it should now work.

2009-12-16T21:23:00.001-08:00

Accessing the Device Manager

Windows 95/98/Me

1. Click Start, then select Settings -> Control Panel
2. Select System applet, then Device Manager tab.

Windows 2000 and Windows XP

1. Right-click My Computer then select Properties
2. Select the Hardware tab
3. Click the Device Manager button

* Alternative 1: Start -> Run -> devmgmt.msc -> OK
* Alternative 2: Type "devmgmt.msc" into the Command Prompt
* Alternative 3: Device Manager is part of Computer Management, which also includes Event Viewer, Services Manager, Disk Management and many other things. Right-Click My Computer then select Manage to start Computer Management, or invoke compmgmt.msc, or launch it via the shortcut in Control Panel, Administrative Tools.
* Alternative 4: Press and hold down the Windows key and press the Pause/Break key.
* Alternative 5: Create a batch file(.bat) to run Device Manager. A one line entry of devmgmt.msc

into an ANSI text file with the extension (.bat) suffices. However you can also invoke instance settings, such as displaying non-present devices, by adding an additional first command line set devmgr_show_nonpresent_devices=1 for an overall structure like this: set devmgr_show_nonpresent_devices=1 devmgmt.msc

* Alternative 6: Instead of a batch file, simply create a shortcut leading to devmgmt.msc

Windows Vista and Windows 7

1. Click Start -> in the "Start Search" box
2. Type "Dev" (without pressing enter); wait for a list to show up
3. Click Device Manager

* Alternative 1: Open the Start menu, right-click on Computer, select Manage, click on "Device Manager" in the left-hand tree
* Alternative 2: run devmgmt.msc
* Alternative 3: Device Manager is part of the Computer Management, which also includes Event Viewer, Services Manager, Disk Management, as well as many other things. Right-Click My Computer then select Manage to start Computer Management.

Hidden Settings

Display of 'non-present' devices The Device Manager can display the driver entries for a device that is not currently connected to a computer but had been successfully installed to run through a port, such as a USB port. This is useful for removing entries of old devices or performing a clean reinstall of a device.

This mode activated each time device manager is added and must be invoked just prior to opening Device Manager using the Command Prompt or Batch file method. Command line is as follows: set devmgr_show_nonpresent_devices=1

2009-12-16T02:24:00.001-08:00

2 assemble a pc

Things to get in place before starting:

* Anti-static wrist strap
* Set of screwdrivers and pliers
* Piece of cloth
* CPU Thermal compound (recommended)
* PC components

Tip: CPU Thermal compound is not a necessity but it is recommended to keep your CPU cool under load conditions by helping heat dissipate faster. It is a must if you intend to overclock your PC.

Note: You can find the meaning of an abbreviation at the end of this article under the heading Jargon Buster.
Step 1: Installing the motherboardp1010185.jpg

Make sure you have all the components in place and a nice, clean and big enough place to work with.

Put your antic-static wrist strap on to prevent your components from getting affected. Make sure your hands are clean before starting. First we will be installing the motherboard which is a piece of cake to install.

* Open the side doors of the cabinet
* Lay the cabinet on its side
* Put the motherboard in place
* Drive in all the required screws

Tip: Most motherboards come with an antistatic bag. It is advisable to put the motherboard on it for some time and then remove it from the antistatic bag before placing it in the cabinet.

Step 2: Installing the CPU

CPU is the heart of a computer so make sure you handle it properly and do not drop it or mishandle it. Also try not to touch the pins frequently so that they do not get dirty. Get hold of your motherboard and CPU manual. You need to place the CPU on the dotted white patch of the motherboard in a particular fashion for it to fit properly. There is a golden mark on the CPU to help you assist. Consult both your motherboard and CPU manual to see which position it fits exactly or you could also use try all the 4 positions.
016b1.jpg

* Lift the CPU lever on the motherboard
* Place the CPU properly on the motherboard
* Pull down the lever to secure the CPU in place

Warning: Do not try to push the CPU into the motherboard!

Got the thermal compound? Now is the time to use it. Take small amount of it and carefully apply it on the top surface of the processor. Be careful not to put it on the neighboring parts of the motherboard. If you do so clean it immediately using the cloth.

Tip: Thermal compounds should be changed once every six months for optimal performance.
Step 3: Installing the heat sink

0181.jpgAfter installing the processor we proceed to installing the heat sink. There are different kinds of heat sinks that are bundled with the processor and each has a different way of installation. Look into your CPU manual for instructions on how to install it properly.

* Place the heat sink on the processor
* Put the jacks in place
* Secure the heat sink with the lever

After this you will need to connect the cable of the heat sink on the motherboard. Again look into the motherboard manual on where to connect it and then connect it to the right port to get your heat sink in operational mode.
Step 4: Installing the RAMinstallingram.gif

Installing the RAM is also an easy job. The newer RAMs ie. DDR RAMs are easy to install as you don’t have to worry about placing which side where into the slot. The older ones, SDRAMs are plagued by this problem.

If you want to use dual channel configuration then consult your manual on which slots to use to achieve that result.

* Push down the RAM into the slot
* Make sure the both the clips hold the RAM properly

Step 5: Installing the power supplypsu1.jpg

We will now install the power supply as the components we install after this will require power cables to be connected to them. There is not much to be done to install a PSU.

* Place the PSU into the cabinet
* Put the screws in place tightly

Tip: Some PSU have extra accessories that come bundled with it. Consult your PSU manual to see how to install them.
Step 6: Installing the video card
110665-2107p146-5b.jpg

First you will need to find out whether your video card is AGP or PCI-E. AGP graphics cards have become redundant and are being phased out of the market quickly. So if you bought a spanking new card it will certainly be a PCI-E.

* Remove the back plate on the cabinet corresponding to the graphics card
* Push the card into the slot
* Secure the card with a screw
* Plug in the power connection from PSU (if required)

High-end graphics cards need dedicated power supply and if your graphics card needs one then connect the appropriate wire from PSU into the graphics card.
Step 7: Installing the hard disk042b.jpg

Hard disk is another fragile component of the computer and needs to handled carefully.

* Place the hard drive into the bay
* Secure the drive with screws
* Connect the power cable from PSU
* Connect the data cable from motherboard into the drive

If your hard drive is a SATA one then connect one end of SATA cable into the motherboard and other into the SATA port on the hard disk. If your hard disk is PATA type then use the IDE cable instead of the SATA cable.ide-sata.jpg

Tip: If your PSU does not support SATA power supply then you will need to get an converter which will convert your standard IDE power connector to a SATA power connector.
Step 8: Installing optical drive

The installation an optical drive is exactly similar to an hard drive.027.jpg

* Place the optical drive into the bay
* Drive in the screws
* Connect the power cable and data cable

Tip: When installing multiple optical drives take care of jumper settings. Make sure you make one as primary and other slave by using the jumper. This is not applicable if the drives are SATA drives.
Step 9: Connecting various cables

First we will finish setting up internal components and then get on to the external ones. You will need to consult your motherboard manual for finding the appropriate port for connecting various cables at the right places on the motherboard.

* Connect the large ATX power connector to the power supply port on your motherboard041a.jpg
* Next get hold of the smaller square power connector which supplies power to the processor and connect it to the appropriate port by taking help from your motherboard manual
* Connect the cabinet cables for power,reset button in the appropriate port of the motherboard
* Connect the front USB/audio panel cable in the motherboard
* Plug the cable of cabinet fans

You are done with installing the internal components of the PC. Close the side doors of the cabinet and get it upright and place it on your computer table. Get the rest of the PC components like monitor, keyboard, mouse, speakers etc. which we will connect now.

* Connect the VGA cable of the monitor into the VGA port029a.jpg
* If mouse/keyboard are PS/2 then connect them to PS/2 ports or else use the USB port
* Connect the speaker cable in the audio port
* Plug in the power cable from PSU into the UPS
* Also plug in the power cable of the monitor

You are now done with setting up your PC. Power on and see your rig boot to glory.
Step 10: Installing the OS and drivers

We are done with the hardware part. Now get your favorite OS disks ready and the CD that came with your motherboard.

* Set the first boot device to CD/DVD drive in BIOS
* Pop in the OS disk
* Reboot the PC
* Install the OS
* Install drivers from motherboard CD (applicable only to Windows OS)

Voila! You have your PC up and running. Enjoy your journey with your self assembled rig!
Jargon Buster

* CPU – Central Processing Unit
* RAM – Random Memory Access
* DDR -Double Data Rate
* SDRAM – Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
* PSU -Power Supply Unit
* AGP – Accelerated Graphics Port
* PCI-E – Peripheral Component Interconnect- Express
* SATA – Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
* PATA -Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment
* IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics
* ATX – Advanced Technology Extended
* USB – Universal System Bus
* VGA – Video Graphics Array
* PS/2 – Personal System/2
* OS – Operating System

Things to get in place before starting:

* Anti-static wrist strap
* Set of screwdrivers and pliers
* Piece of cloth
* CPU Thermal compound (recommended)
* PC components

Tip: CPU Thermal compound is not a necessity but it is recommended to keep your CPU cool under load conditions by helping heat dissipate faster. It is a must if you intend to overclock your PC.

Note: You can find the meaning of an abbreviation at the end of this article under the heading Jargon Buster.
Step 1: Installing the motherboardp1010185.jpg

Make sure you have all the components in place and a nice, clean and big enough place to work with.

Put your antic-static wrist strap on to prevent your components from getting affected. Make sure your hands are clean before starting. First we will be installing the motherboard which is a piece of cake to install.

* Open the side doors of the cabinet
* Lay the cabinet on its side
* Put the motherboard in place
* Drive in all the required screws

Tip: Most motherboards come with an antistatic bag. It is advisable to put the motherboard on it for some time and then remove it from the antistatic bag before placing it in the cabinet.

Step 2: Installing the CPU

CPU is the heart of a computer so make sure you handle it properly and do not drop it or mishandle it. Also try not to touch the pins frequently so that they do not get dirty. Get hold of your motherboard and CPU manual. You need to place the CPU on the dotted white patch of the motherboard in a particular fashion for it to fit properly. There is a golden mark on the CPU to help you assist. Consult both your motherboard and CPU manual to see which position it fits exactly or you could also use try all the 4 positions.
016b1.jpg

* Lift the CPU lever on the motherboard
* Place the CPU properly on the motherboard
* Pull down the lever to secure the CPU in place

Warning: Do not try to push the CPU into the motherboard!

Got the thermal compound? Now is the time to use it. Take small amount of it and carefully apply it on the top surface of the processor. Be careful not to put it on the neighboring parts of the motherboard. If you do so clean it immediately using the cloth.

Tip: Thermal compounds should be changed once every six months for optimal performance.
Step 3: Installing the heat sink

0181.jpgAfter installing the processor we proceed to installing the heat sink. There are different kinds of heat sinks that are bundled with the processor and each has a different way of installation. Look into your CPU manual for instructions on how to install it properly.

* Place the heat sink on the processor
* Put the jacks in place
* Secure the heat sink with the lever

After this you will need to connect the cable of the heat sink on the motherboard. Again look into the motherboard manual on where to connect it and then connect it to the right port to get your heat sink in operational mode.
Step 4: Installing the RAMinstallingram.gif

Installing the RAM is also an easy job. The newer RAMs ie. DDR RAMs are easy to install as you don’t have to worry about placing which side where into the slot. The older ones, SDRAMs are plagued by this problem.

If you want to use dual channel configuration then consult your manual on which slots to use to achieve that result.

* Push down the RAM into the slot
* Make sure the both the clips hold the RAM properly

Step 5: Installing the power supplypsu1.jpg

We will now install the power supply as the components we install after this will require power cables to be connected to them. There is not much to be done to install a PSU.

* Place the PSU into the cabinet
* Put the screws in place tightly

Tip: Some PSU have extra accessories that come bundled with it. Consult your PSU manual to see how to install them.
Step 6: Installing the video card
110665-2107p146-5b.jpg

First you will need to find out whether your video card is AGP or PCI-E. AGP graphics cards have become redundant and are being phased out of the market quickly. So if you bought a spanking new card it will certainly be a PCI-E.

* Remove the back plate on the cabinet corresponding to the graphics card
* Push the card into the slot
* Secure the card with a screw
* Plug in the power connection from PSU (if required)

High-end graphics cards need dedicated power supply and if your graphics card needs one then connect the appropriate wire from PSU into the graphics card.
Step 7: Installing the hard disk042b.jpg

Hard disk is another fragile component of the computer and needs to handled carefully.

* Place the hard drive into the bay
* Secure the drive with screws
* Connect the power cable from PSU
* Connect the data cable from motherboard into the drive

If your hard drive is a SATA one then connect one end of SATA cable into the motherboard and other into the SATA port on the hard disk. If your hard disk is PATA type then use the IDE cable instead of the SATA cable.ide-sata.jpg

Tip: If your PSU does not support SATA power supply then you will need to get an converter which will convert your standard IDE power connector to a SATA power connector.
Step 8: Installing optical drive

The installation an optical drive is exactly similar to an hard drive.027.jpg

* Place the optical drive into the bay
* Drive in the screws
* Connect the power cable and data cable

Tip: When installing multiple optical drives take care of jumper settings. Make sure you make one as primary and other slave by using the jumper. This is not applicable if the drives are SATA drives.
Step 9: Connecting various cables

First we will finish setting up internal components and then get on to the external ones. You will need to consult your motherboard manual for finding the appropriate port for connecting various cables at the right places on the motherboard.

* Connect the large ATX power connector to the power supply port on your motherboard041a.jpg
* Next get hold of the smaller square power connector which supplies power to the processor and connect it to the appropriate port by taking help from your motherboard manual
* Connect the cabinet cables for power,reset button in the appropriate port of the motherboard
* Connect the front USB/audio panel cable in the motherboard
* Plug the cable of cabinet fans

You are done with installing the internal components of the PC. Close the side doors of the cabinet and get it upright and place it on your computer table. Get the rest of the PC components like monitor, keyboard, mouse, speakers etc. which we will connect now.

* Connect the VGA cable of the monitor into the VGA port029a.jpg
* If mouse/keyboard are PS/2 then connect them to PS/2 ports or else use the USB port
* Connect the speaker cable in the audio port
* Plug in the power cable from PSU into the UPS
* Also plug in the power cable of the monitor

You are now done with setting up your PC. Power on and see your rig boot to glory.
Step 10: Installing the OS and drivers

We are done with the hardware part. Now get your favorite OS disks ready and the CD that came with your motherboard.

* Set the first boot device to CD/DVD drive in BIOS
* Pop in the OS disk
* Reboot the PC
* Install the OS
* Install drivers from motherboard CD (applicable only to Windows OS)

Voila! You have your PC up and running. Enjoy your journey with your self assembled rig!
Jargon Buster

* CPU – Central Processing Unit
* RAM – Random Memory Access
* DDR -Double Data Rate
* SDRAM – Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
* PSU -Power Supply Unit
* AGP – Accelerated Graphics Port
* PCI-E – Peripheral Component Interconnect- Express
* SATA – Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
* PATA -Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment
* IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics
* ATX – Advanced Technology Extended
* USB – Universal System Bus
* VGA – Video Graphics Array
* PS/2 – Personal System/2
* OS – Operating System

Things to get in place before starting:

* Anti-static wrist strap
* Set of screwdrivers and pliers
* Piece of cloth
* CPU Thermal compound (recommended)
* PC components

Tip: CPU Thermal compound is not a necessity but it is recommended to keep your CPU cool under load conditions by helping heat dissipate faster. It is a must if you intend to overclock your PC.

Note: You can find the meaning of an abbreviation at the end of this article under the heading Jargon Buster.
Step 1: Installing the motherboardp1010185.jpg

Make sure you have all the components in place and a nice, clean and big enough place to work with.

Put your antic-static wrist strap on to prevent your components from getting affected. Make sure your hands are clean before starting. First we will be installing the motherboard which is a piece of cake to install.

* Open the side doors of the cabinet
* Lay the cabinet on its side
* Put the motherboard in place
* Drive in all the required screws

Tip: Most motherboards come with an antistatic bag. It is advisable to put the motherboard on it for some time and then remove it from the antistatic bag before placing it in the cabinet.

Step 2: Installing the CPU

CPU is the heart of a computer so make sure you handle it properly and do not drop it or mishandle it. Also try not to touch the pins frequently so that they do not get dirty. Get hold of your motherboard and CPU manual. You need to place the CPU on the dotted white patch of the motherboard in a particular fashion for it to fit properly. There is a golden mark on the CPU to help you assist. Consult both your motherboard and CPU manual to see which position it fits exactly or you could also use try all the 4 positions.
016b1.jpg

* Lift the CPU lever on the motherboard
* Place the CPU properly on the motherboard
* Pull down the lever to secure the CPU in place

Warning: Do not try to push the CPU into the motherboard!

Got the thermal compound? Now is the time to use it. Take small amount of it and carefully apply it on the top surface of the processor. Be careful not to put it on the neighboring parts of the motherboard. If you do so clean it immediately using the cloth.

Tip: Thermal compounds should be changed once every six months for optimal performance.
Step 3: Installing the heat sink

0181.jpgAfter installing the processor we proceed to installing the heat sink. There are different kinds of heat sinks that are bundled with the processor and each has a different way of installation. Look into your CPU manual for instructions on how to install it properly.

* Place the heat sink on the processor
* Put the jacks in place
* Secure the heat sink with the lever

After this you will need to connect the cable of the heat sink on the motherboard. Again look into the motherboard manual on where to connect it and then connect it to the right port to get your heat sink in operational mode.
Step 4: Installing the RAMinstallingram.gif

Installing the RAM is also an easy job. The newer RAMs ie. DDR RAMs are easy to install as you don’t have to worry about placing which side where into the slot. The older ones, SDRAMs are plagued by this problem.

If you want to use dual channel configuration then consult your manual on which slots to use to achieve that result.

* Push down the RAM into the slot
* Make sure the both the clips hold the RAM properly

Step 5: Installing the power supplypsu1.jpg

We will now install the power supply as the components we install after this will require power cables to be connected to them. There is not much to be done to install a PSU.

* Place the PSU into the cabinet
* Put the screws in place tightly

Tip: Some PSU have extra accessories that come bundled with it. Consult your PSU manual to see how to install them.
Step 6: Installing the video card
110665-2107p146-5b.jpg

First you will need to find out whether your video card is AGP or PCI-E. AGP graphics cards have become redundant and are being phased out of the market quickly. So if you bought a spanking new card it will certainly be a PCI-E.

* Remove the back plate on the cabinet corresponding to the graphics card
* Push the card into the slot
* Secure the card with a screw
* Plug in the power connection from PSU (if required)

High-end graphics cards need dedicated power supply and if your graphics card needs one then connect the appropriate wire from PSU into the graphics card.
Step 7: Installing the hard disk042b.jpg

Hard disk is another fragile component of the computer and needs to handled carefully.

* Place the hard drive into the bay
* Secure the drive with screws
* Connect the power cable from PSU
* Connect the data cable from motherboard into the drive

If your hard drive is a SATA one then connect one end of SATA cable into the motherboard and other into the SATA port on the hard disk. If your hard disk is PATA type then use the IDE cable instead of the SATA cable.ide-sata.jpg

Tip: If your PSU does not support SATA power supply then you will need to get an converter which will convert your standard IDE power connector to a SATA power connector.
Step 8: Installing optical drive

The installation an optical drive is exactly similar to an hard drive.027.jpg

* Place the optical drive into the bay
* Drive in the screws
* Connect the power cable and data cable

Tip: When installing multiple optical drives take care of jumper settings. Make sure you make one as primary and other slave by using the jumper. This is not applicable if the drives are SATA drives.
Step 9: Connecting various cables

First we will finish setting up internal components and then get on to the external ones. You will need to consult your motherboard manual for finding the appropriate port for connecting various cables at the right places on the motherboard.

* Connect the large ATX power connector to the power supply port on your motherboard041a.jpg
* Next get hold of the smaller square power connector which supplies power to the processor and connect it to the appropriate port by taking help from your motherboard manual
* Connect the cabinet cables for power,reset button in the appropriate port of the motherboard
* Connect the front USB/audio panel cable in the motherboard
* Plug the cable of cabinet fans

You are done with installing the internal components of the PC. Close the side doors of the cabinet and get it upright and place it on your computer table. Get the rest of the PC components like monitor, keyboard, mouse, speakers etc. which we will connect now.

* Connect the VGA cable of the monitor into the VGA port029a.jpg
* If mouse/keyboard are PS/2 then connect them to PS/2 ports or else use the USB port
* Connect the speaker cable in the audio port
* Plug in the power cable from PSU into the UPS
* Also plug in the power cable of the monitor

You are now done with setting up your PC. Power on and see your rig boot to glory.
Step 10: Installing the OS and drivers

We are done with the hardware part. Now get your favorite OS disks ready and the CD that came with your motherboard.

* Set the first boot device to CD/DVD drive in BIOS
* Pop in the OS disk
* Reboot the PC
* Install the OS
* Install drivers from motherboard CD (applicable only to Windows OS)

Voila! You have your PC up and running. Enjoy your journey with your self assembled rig!
Jargon Buster

* CPU – Central Processing Unit
* RAM – Random Memory Access
* DDR -Double Data Rate
* SDRAM – Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
* PSU -Power Supply Unit
* AGP – Accelerated Graphics Port
* PCI-E – Peripheral Component Interconnect- Express
* SATA – Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
* PATA -Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment
* IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics
* ATX – Advanced Technology Extended
* USB – Universal System Bus
* VGA – Video Graphics Array
* PS/2 – Personal System/2
* OS – Operating System

2009-12-16T02:21:00.000-08:00

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Game Files
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2009-10-09T04:46:00.000-07:00

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